Struct Receiver

pub struct Receiver<T> { /* private fields */ }

Available on crate features dep_tokio and std only.

Receives values from the associated Sender.

Instances are created by the channel function.

To turn this receiver into a Stream, you can use the WatchStream wrapper.

Implementations

impl<T> Receiver<T>

pub fn borrow(&self) -> Ref<'_, T>

Returns a reference to the most recently sent value.

This method does not mark the returned value as seen, so future calls to changed may return immediately even if you have already seen the value with a call to borrow.

Outstanding borrows hold a read lock on the inner value. This means that long-lived borrows could cause the producer half to block. It is recommended to keep the borrow as short-lived as possible. Additionally, if you are running in an environment that allows !Send futures, you must ensure that the returned Ref type is never held alive across an .await point, otherwise, it can lead to a deadlock.

The priority policy of the lock is dependent on the underlying lock implementation, and this type does not guarantee that any particular policy will be used. In particular, a producer which is waiting to acquire the lock in send might or might not block concurrent calls to borrow, e.g.:

Potential deadlock example

// Task 1 (on thread A)    |  // Task 2 (on thread B)
let _ref1 = rx.borrow();   |
                           |  // will block
                           |  let _ = tx.send(());
// may deadlock            |
let _ref2 = rx.borrow();   |

For more information on when to use this method versus borrow_and_update, see here.

Examples

use tokio::sync::watch;

let (_, rx) = watch::channel("hello");
assert_eq!(*rx.borrow(), "hello");

pub fn borrow_and_update(&mut self) -> Ref<'_, T>

Returns a reference to the most recently sent value and marks that value as seen.

This method marks the current value as seen. Subsequent calls to changed will not return immediately until the Sender has modified the shared value again.

Outstanding borrows hold a read lock on the inner value. This means that long-lived borrows could cause the producer half to block. It is recommended to keep the borrow as short-lived as possible. Additionally, if you are running in an environment that allows !Send futures, you must ensure that the returned Ref type is never held alive across an .await point, otherwise, it can lead to a deadlock.

The priority policy of the lock is dependent on the underlying lock implementation, and this type does not guarantee that any particular policy will be used. In particular, a producer which is waiting to acquire the lock in send might or might not block concurrent calls to borrow, e.g.:

Potential deadlock example

// Task 1 (on thread A)                |  // Task 2 (on thread B)
let _ref1 = rx1.borrow_and_update();   |
                                       |  // will block
                                       |  let _ = tx.send(());
// may deadlock                        |
let _ref2 = rx2.borrow_and_update();   |

For more information on when to use this method versus borrow, see here.

pub fn has_changed(&self) -> Result<bool, RecvError>

Checks if this channel contains a message that this receiver has not yet seen. The new value is not marked as seen.

Although this method is called has_changed, it does not check new messages for equality, so this call will return true even if the new message is equal to the old message.

Returns an error if the channel has been closed.

Examples

use tokio::sync::watch;

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() {
    let (tx, mut rx) = watch::channel("hello");

    tx.send("goodbye").unwrap();

    assert!(rx.has_changed().unwrap());
    assert_eq!(*rx.borrow_and_update(), "goodbye");

    // The value has been marked as seen
    assert!(!rx.has_changed().unwrap());

    drop(tx);
    // The `tx` handle has been dropped
    assert!(rx.has_changed().is_err());
}

pub fn mark_changed(&mut self)

Marks the state as changed.

After invoking this method has_changed() returns true and changed() returns immediately, regardless of whether a new value has been sent.

This is useful for triggering an initial change notification after subscribing to synchronize new receivers.

pub fn mark_unchanged(&mut self)

Marks the state as unchanged.

The current value will be considered seen by the receiver.

This is useful if you are not interested in the current value visible in the receiver.

pub async fn changed(&mut self) -> Result<(), RecvError>

Waits for a change notification, then marks the newest value as seen.

If the newest value in the channel has not yet been marked seen when this method is called, the method marks that value seen and returns immediately. If the newest value has already been marked seen, then the method sleeps until a new message is sent by the Sender connected to this Receiver, or until the Sender is dropped.

This method returns an error if and only if the Sender is dropped.

For more information, see Change notifications in the module-level documentation.

Cancel safety

This method is cancel safe. If you use it as the event in a tokio::select! statement and some other branch completes first, then it is guaranteed that no values have been marked seen by this call to changed.

Examples

use tokio::sync::watch;

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() {
    let (tx, mut rx) = watch::channel("hello");

    tokio::spawn(async move {
        tx.send("goodbye").unwrap();
    });

    assert!(rx.changed().await.is_ok());
    assert_eq!(*rx.borrow_and_update(), "goodbye");

    // The `tx` handle has been dropped
    assert!(rx.changed().await.is_err());
}

pub async fn wait_for( &mut self, f: impl FnMut(&T) -> bool, ) -> Result<Ref<'_, T>, RecvError>

Waits for a value that satisfies the provided condition.

This method will call the provided closure whenever something is sent on the channel. Once the closure returns true, this method will return a reference to the value that was passed to the closure.

Before wait_for starts waiting for changes, it will call the closure on the current value. If the closure returns true when given the current value, then wait_for will immediately return a reference to the current value. This is the case even if the current value is already considered seen.

The watch channel only keeps track of the most recent value, so if several messages are sent faster than wait_for is able to call the closure, then it may skip some updates. Whenever the closure is called, it will be called with the most recent value.

When this function returns, the value that was passed to the closure when it returned true will be considered seen.

If the channel is closed, then wait_for will return a RecvError. Once this happens, no more messages can ever be sent on the channel. When an error is returned, it is guaranteed that the closure has been called on the last value, and that it returned false for that value. (If the closure returned true, then the last value would have been returned instead of the error.)

Like the borrow method, the returned borrow holds a read lock on the inner value. This means that long-lived borrows could cause the producer half to block. It is recommended to keep the borrow as short-lived as possible. See the documentation of borrow for more information on this.

Cancel safety

This method is cancel safe. If you use it as the event in a tokio::select! statement and some other branch completes first, then it is guaranteed that the last seen value val (if any) satisfies f(val) == false.

Panics

If and only if the closure f panics. In that case, no resource owned or shared by this Receiver will be poisoned.

Examples

use tokio::sync::watch;
use tokio::time::{sleep, Duration};

#[tokio::main(flavor = "current_thread", start_paused = true)]
async fn main() {
    let (tx, mut rx) = watch::channel("hello");

    tokio::spawn(async move {
        sleep(Duration::from_secs(1)).await;
        tx.send("goodbye").unwrap();
    });

    assert!(rx.wait_for(|val| *val == "goodbye").await.is_ok());
    assert_eq!(*rx.borrow(), "goodbye");
}

pub fn same_channel(&self, other: &Receiver<T>) -> bool

Returns true if receivers belong to the same channel.

Examples

let (tx, rx) = tokio::sync::watch::channel(true);
let rx2 = rx.clone();
assert!(rx.same_channel(&rx2));

let (tx3, rx3) = tokio::sync::watch::channel(true);
assert!(!rx3.same_channel(&rx2));

Trait Implementations

impl<T> Clone for Receiver<T>

fn clone(&self) -> Receiver<T>

Returns a copy of the value.

fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from source.

impl<T> Debug for Receiver<T>

where T: Debug,

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl<T> Drop for Receiver<T>

fn drop(&mut self)

Executes the destructor for this type.