Struct Box

pub struct Box<'a, T>(/* private fields */)
where
    T: ?Sized;

Available on crate feature dep_bumpalo only.

An owned pointer to a bump-allocated T value, that runs Drop implementations.

See the module-level documentation for more details.

Implementations

impl<'a, T> Box<'a, T>

pub fn new_in(x: T, a: &'a Bump) -> Box<'a, T>

Allocates memory on the heap and then places x into it.

This doesn’t actually allocate if T is zero-sized.

Examples

use bumpalo::{Bump, boxed::Box};

let b = Bump::new();

let five = Box::new_in(5, &b);

pub fn pin_in(x: T, a: &'a Bump) -> Pin<Box<'a, T>>

Constructs a new Pin<Box<T>>. If T does not implement Unpin, then x will be pinned in memory and unable to be moved.

pub fn into_inner(b: Box<'a, T>) -> T

Consumes the Box, returning the wrapped value.

Examples

use bumpalo::{Bump, boxed::Box};

let b = Bump::new();

let hello = Box::new_in("hello".to_owned(), &b);
assert_eq!(Box::into_inner(hello), "hello");

impl<'a, T> Box<'a, T>

where T: ?Sized,

pub unsafe fn from_raw(raw: *mut T) -> Box<'a, T>

Constructs a box from a raw pointer.

After calling this function, the raw pointer is owned by the resulting Box. Specifically, the Box destructor will call the destructor of T and free the allocated memory. For this to be safe, the memory must have been allocated in accordance with the memory layout used by Box .

Safety

This function is unsafe because improper use may lead to memory problems. For example, a double-free may occur if the function is called twice on the same raw pointer.

Examples

Recreate a Box which was previously converted to a raw pointer using Box::into_raw:

use bumpalo::{Bump, boxed::Box};

let b = Bump::new();

let x = Box::new_in(5, &b);
let ptr = Box::into_raw(x);
let x = unsafe { Box::from_raw(ptr) }; // Note that new `x`'s lifetime is unbound. It must be bound to the `b` immutable borrow before `b` is reset.

Manually create a Box from scratch by using the bump allocator:

use std::alloc::{alloc, Layout};
use bumpalo::{Bump, boxed::Box};

let b = Bump::new();

unsafe {
    let ptr = b.alloc_layout(Layout::new::<i32>()).as_ptr() as *mut i32;
    *ptr = 5;
    let x = Box::from_raw(ptr); // Note that `x`'s lifetime is unbound. It must be bound to the `b` immutable borrow before `b` is reset.
}

pub fn into_raw(b: Box<'a, T>) -> *mut T

Consumes the Box, returning a wrapped raw pointer.

The pointer will be properly aligned and non-null.

After calling this function, the caller is responsible for the value previously managed by the Box. In particular, the caller should properly destroy T. The easiest way to do this is to convert the raw pointer back into a Box with the Box::from_raw function, allowing the Box destructor to perform the cleanup.

Note: this is an associated function, which means that you have to call it as Box::into_raw(b) instead of b.into_raw(). This is so that there is no conflict with a method on the inner type.

Examples

Converting the raw pointer back into a Box with Box::from_raw for automatic cleanup:

use bumpalo::{Bump, boxed::Box};

let b = Bump::new();

let x = Box::new_in(String::from("Hello"), &b);
let ptr = Box::into_raw(x);
let x = unsafe { Box::from_raw(ptr) }; // Note that new `x`'s lifetime is unbound. It must be bound to the `b` immutable borrow before `b` is reset.

Manual cleanup by explicitly running the destructor:

use std::ptr;
use bumpalo::{Bump, boxed::Box};

let b = Bump::new();

let mut x = Box::new_in(String::from("Hello"), &b);
let p = Box::into_raw(x);
unsafe {
    ptr::drop_in_place(p);
}

pub fn leak(b: Box<'a, T>) -> &'a mut T

Consumes and leaks the Box, returning a mutable reference, &'a mut T. Note that the type T must outlive the chosen lifetime 'a. If the type has only static references, or none at all, then this may be chosen to be 'static.

This function is mainly useful for data that lives for the remainder of the program’s life. Dropping the returned reference will cause a memory leak. If this is not acceptable, the reference should first be wrapped with the Box::from_raw function producing a Box. This Box can then be dropped which will properly destroy T and release the allocated memory.

Note: this is an associated function, which means that you have to call it as Box::leak(b) instead of b.leak(). This is so that there is no conflict with a method on the inner type.

Examples

Simple usage:

use bumpalo::{Bump, boxed::Box};

let b = Bump::new();

let x = Box::new_in(41, &b);
let reference: &mut usize = Box::leak(x);
*reference += 1;
assert_eq!(*reference, 42);

 use bumpalo::{Bump, boxed::Box, vec};

 let b = Bump::new();

 let x = vec![in &b; 1, 2, 3].into_boxed_slice();
 let reference = Box::leak(x);
 reference[0] = 4;
 assert_eq!(*reference, [4, 2, 3]);

impl<'a> Box<'a, dyn Any>

pub fn downcast<T>(self) -> Result<Box<'a, T>, Box<'a, dyn Any>>

where T: Any,

Attempt to downcast the box to a concrete type.

Examples

use std::any::Any;

fn print_if_string(value: Box<dyn Any>) {
    if let Ok(string) = value.downcast::<String>() {
        println!("String ({}): {}", string.len(), string);
    }
}

let my_string = "Hello World".to_string();
print_if_string(Box::new(my_string));
print_if_string(Box::new(0i8));

impl<'a> Box<'a, dyn Any + Send>

pub fn downcast<T>(self) -> Result<Box<'a, T>, Box<'a, dyn Any + Send>>

where T: Any,

Attempt to downcast the box to a concrete type.

Examples

use std::any::Any;

fn print_if_string(value: Box<dyn Any + Send>) {
    if let Ok(string) = value.downcast::<String>() {
        println!("String ({}): {}", string.len(), string);
    }
}

let my_string = "Hello World".to_string();
print_if_string(Box::new(my_string));
print_if_string(Box::new(0i8));

impl<'a, A> Box<'a, [A]>

pub fn from_iter_in<T>(iter: T, a: &'a Bump) -> Box<'a, [A]>

where T: IntoIterator<Item = A>,

Creates a value from an iterator. This method is an adapted version of FromIterator::from_iter. It cannot be made as that trait implementation given different signature.

Examples

Basic usage:

use bumpalo::{Bump, boxed::Box, vec};

let b = Bump::new();

let five_fives = std::iter::repeat(5).take(5);
let slice = Box::from_iter_in(five_fives, &b);
assert_eq!(vec![in &b; 5, 5, 5, 5, 5], &*slice);

Trait Implementations

impl<'a, T> AsMut<T> for Box<'a, T>

where T: ?Sized,

fn as_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T

Converts this type into a mutable reference of the (usually inferred) input type.

impl<'a, T> AsRef<T> for Box<'a, T>

where T: ?Sized,

fn as_ref(&self) -> &T

Converts this type into a shared reference of the (usually inferred) input type.

impl<'a, T> Borrow<T> for Box<'a, T>

where T: ?Sized,

fn borrow(&self) -> &T

Immutably borrows from an owned value.

impl<'a, T> BorrowMut<T> for Box<'a, T>

where T: ?Sized,

fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T

Mutably borrows from an owned value.

impl<'a, T> Debug for Box<'a, T>

where T: Debug + ?Sized,

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl<'a, T> Default for Box<'a, [T]>

fn default() -> Box<'a, [T]>

Returns the “default value” for a type.

impl<'a> Default for Box<'a, str>

fn default() -> Box<'a, str>

Returns the “default value” for a type.

impl<'a, T> Deref for Box<'a, T>

where T: ?Sized,

type Target = T

The resulting type after dereferencing.

fn deref(&self) -> &T

Dereferences the value.

impl<'a, T> DerefMut for Box<'a, T>

where T: ?Sized,

fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T

Mutably dereferences the value.

impl<'a, T> Display for Box<'a, T>

where T: Display + ?Sized,

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl<'a, I> DoubleEndedIterator for Box<'a, I>

where I: DoubleEndedIterator + ?Sized,

fn next_back(&mut self) -> Option<<I as Iterator>::Item>

Removes and returns an element from the end of the iterator.

fn nth_back(&mut self, n: usize) -> Option<<I as Iterator>::Item>

Returns the nth element from the end of the iterator.

fn advance_back_by(&mut self, n: usize) -> Result<(), NonZero<usize>>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_advance_by)

Advances the iterator from the back by n elements.

fn try_rfold<B, F, R>(&mut self, init: B, f: F) -> R

where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(B, Self::Item) -> R, R: Try<Output = B>,

This is the reverse version of Iterator::try_fold(): it takes elements starting from the back of the iterator.

fn rfold<B, F>(self, init: B, f: F) -> B

where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(B, Self::Item) -> B,

An iterator method that reduces the iterator’s elements to a single, final value, starting from the back.

fn rfind<P>(&mut self, predicate: P) -> Option<Self::Item>

where Self: Sized, P: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool,

Searches for an element of an iterator from the back that satisfies a predicate.

impl<'a, T> Drop for Box<'a, T>

where T: ?Sized,

fn drop(&mut self)

Executes the destructor for this type.

impl<'a, I> ExactSizeIterator for Box<'a, I>

where I: ExactSizeIterator + ?Sized,

fn len(&self) -> usize

Returns the exact remaining length of the iterator.

fn is_empty(&self) -> bool

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (exact_size_is_empty)

Returns true if the iterator is empty.

impl<'a, T, const N: usize> From<Box<'a, [T; N]>> for Box<'a, [T]>

This impl replaces unsize coercion.

fn from(arr: Box<'a, [T; N]>) -> Box<'a, [T]>

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl<'a, T> From<Box<'a, T>> for Pin<Box<'a, T>>

where T: ?Sized,

fn from(boxed: Box<'a, T>) -> Pin<Box<'a, T>>

Converts a Box<T> into a Pin<Box<T>>.

This conversion does not allocate on the heap and happens in place.

impl<'bump, T> From<Vec<'bump, T>> for Box<'bump, [T]>

where T: 'bump,

fn from(v: Vec<'bump, T>) -> Box<'bump, [T]>

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl<'bump, T> FromIteratorIn<T> for Box<'bump, [T]>

type Alloc = &'bump Bump

The allocator type

fn from_iter_in<I>( iter: I, alloc: <Box<'bump, [T]> as FromIteratorIn<T>>::Alloc, ) -> Box<'bump, [T]>

where I: IntoIterator<Item = T>,

Similar to FromIterator::from_iter, but with a given allocator.

impl<'a, F> Future for Box<'a, F>

where F: Future + Unpin + ?Sized,

type Output = <F as Future>::Output

The type of value produced on completion.

fn poll( self: Pin<&mut Box<'a, F>>, cx: &mut Context<'_>, ) -> Poll<<Box<'a, F> as Future>::Output>

Attempts to resolve the future to a final value, registering the current task for wakeup if the value is not yet available.

impl<'a, T> Hash for Box<'a, T>

where T: Hash + ?Sized,

fn hash<H>(&self, state: &mut H)

where H: Hasher,

Feeds this value into the given Hasher.

fn hash_slice<H>(data: &[Self], state: &mut H)

where H: Hasher, Self: Sized,

Feeds a slice of this type into the given Hasher.

impl<'a, T> Hasher for Box<'a, T>

where T: Hasher + ?Sized,

fn finish(&self) -> u64

Returns the hash value for the values written so far.

fn write(&mut self, bytes: &[u8])

Writes some data into this Hasher.

fn write_u8(&mut self, i: u8)

Writes a single u8 into this hasher.

fn write_u16(&mut self, i: u16)

Writes a single u16 into this hasher.

fn write_u32(&mut self, i: u32)

Writes a single u32 into this hasher.

fn write_u64(&mut self, i: u64)

Writes a single u64 into this hasher.

fn write_u128(&mut self, i: u128)

Writes a single u128 into this hasher.

fn write_usize(&mut self, i: usize)

Writes a single usize into this hasher.

fn write_i8(&mut self, i: i8)

Writes a single i8 into this hasher.

fn write_i16(&mut self, i: i16)

Writes a single i16 into this hasher.

fn write_i32(&mut self, i: i32)

Writes a single i32 into this hasher.

fn write_i64(&mut self, i: i64)

Writes a single i64 into this hasher.

fn write_i128(&mut self, i: i128)

Writes a single i128 into this hasher.

fn write_isize(&mut self, i: isize)

Writes a single isize into this hasher.

fn write_length_prefix(&mut self, len: usize)

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (hasher_prefixfree_extras)

Writes a length prefix into this hasher, as part of being prefix-free.

fn write_str(&mut self, s: &str)

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (hasher_prefixfree_extras)

Writes a single str into this hasher.

impl<'a, I> Iterator for Box<'a, I>

where I: Iterator + ?Sized,

type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item

The type of the elements being iterated over.

fn next(&mut self) -> Option<<I as Iterator>::Item>

Advances the iterator and returns the next value.

fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>)

Returns the bounds on the remaining length of the iterator.

fn nth(&mut self, n: usize) -> Option<<I as Iterator>::Item>

Returns the nth element of the iterator.

fn last(self) -> Option<<I as Iterator>::Item>

Consumes the iterator, returning the last element.

fn next_chunk<const N: usize>( &mut self, ) -> Result<[Self::Item; N], IntoIter<Self::Item, N>>

where Self: Sized,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_next_chunk)

Advances the iterator and returns an array containing the next N values.

fn count(self) -> usize

where Self: Sized,

Consumes the iterator, counting the number of iterations and returning it.

fn advance_by(&mut self, n: usize) -> Result<(), NonZero<usize>>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_advance_by)

Advances the iterator by n elements.

fn step_by(self, step: usize) -> StepBy<Self>

where Self: Sized,

Creates an iterator starting at the same point, but stepping by the given amount at each iteration.

fn chain<U>(self, other: U) -> Chain<Self, <U as IntoIterator>::IntoIter>

where Self: Sized, U: IntoIterator<Item = Self::Item>,

Takes two iterators and creates a new iterator over both in sequence.

fn zip<U>(self, other: U) -> Zip<Self, <U as IntoIterator>::IntoIter>

where Self: Sized, U: IntoIterator,

‘Zips up’ two iterators into a single iterator of pairs.

fn intersperse(self, separator: Self::Item) -> Intersperse<Self>

where Self: Sized, Self::Item: Clone,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_intersperse)

Creates a new iterator which places a copy of separator between adjacent items of the original iterator.

fn intersperse_with<G>(self, separator: G) -> IntersperseWith<Self, G>

where Self: Sized, G: FnMut() -> Self::Item,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_intersperse)

Creates a new iterator which places an item generated by separator between adjacent items of the original iterator.

fn map<B, F>(self, f: F) -> Map<Self, F>

where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> B,

Takes a closure and creates an iterator which calls that closure on each element.

fn for_each<F>(self, f: F)

where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Item),

Calls a closure on each element of an iterator.

fn filter<P>(self, predicate: P) -> Filter<Self, P>

where Self: Sized, P: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool,

Creates an iterator which uses a closure to determine if an element should be yielded.

fn filter_map<B, F>(self, f: F) -> FilterMap<Self, F>

where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> Option<B>,

Creates an iterator that both filters and maps.

fn enumerate(self) -> Enumerate<Self>

where Self: Sized,

Creates an iterator which gives the current iteration count as well as the next value.

fn peekable(self) -> Peekable<Self>

where Self: Sized,

Creates an iterator which can use the peek and peek_mut methods to look at the next element of the iterator without consuming it. See their documentation for more information.

fn skip_while<P>(self, predicate: P) -> SkipWhile<Self, P>

where Self: Sized, P: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool,

Creates an iterator that skips elements based on a predicate.

fn take_while<P>(self, predicate: P) -> TakeWhile<Self, P>

where Self: Sized, P: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool,

Creates an iterator that yields elements based on a predicate.

fn map_while<B, P>(self, predicate: P) -> MapWhile<Self, P>

where Self: Sized, P: FnMut(Self::Item) -> Option<B>,

Creates an iterator that both yields elements based on a predicate and maps.

fn skip(self, n: usize) -> Skip<Self>

where Self: Sized,

Creates an iterator that skips the first n elements.

fn take(self, n: usize) -> Take<Self>

where Self: Sized,

Creates an iterator that yields the first n elements, or fewer if the underlying iterator ends sooner.

fn scan<St, B, F>(self, initial_state: St, f: F) -> Scan<Self, St, F>

where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&mut St, Self::Item) -> Option<B>,

An iterator adapter which, like fold, holds internal state, but unlike fold, produces a new iterator.

fn flat_map<U, F>(self, f: F) -> FlatMap<Self, U, F>

where Self: Sized, U: IntoIterator, F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> U,

Creates an iterator that works like map, but flattens nested structure.

fn flatten(self) -> Flatten<Self>

where Self: Sized, Self::Item: IntoIterator,

Creates an iterator that flattens nested structure.

fn map_windows<F, R, const N: usize>(self, f: F) -> MapWindows<Self, F, N>

where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&[Self::Item; N]) -> R,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_map_windows)

Calls the given function f for each contiguous window of size N over self and returns an iterator over the outputs of f. Like slice::windows(), the windows during mapping overlap as well.

fn fuse(self) -> Fuse<Self>

where Self: Sized,

Creates an iterator which ends after the first None.

fn inspect<F>(self, f: F) -> Inspect<Self, F>

where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&Self::Item),

Does something with each element of an iterator, passing the value on.

fn by_ref(&mut self) -> &mut Self

where Self: Sized,

Borrows an iterator, rather than consuming it.

fn collect<B>(self) -> B

where B: FromIterator<Self::Item>, Self: Sized,

Transforms an iterator into a collection.

fn try_collect<B>( &mut self, ) -> <<Self::Item as Try>::Residual as Residual<B>>::TryType

where Self: Sized, Self::Item: Try, <Self::Item as Try>::Residual: Residual<B>, B: FromIterator<<Self::Item as Try>::Output>,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iterator_try_collect)

Fallibly transforms an iterator into a collection, short circuiting if a failure is encountered.

fn collect_into<E>(self, collection: &mut E) -> &mut E

where E: Extend<Self::Item>, Self: Sized,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_collect_into)

Collects all the items from an iterator into a collection.

fn partition<B, F>(self, f: F) -> (B, B)

where Self: Sized, B: Default + Extend<Self::Item>, F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool,

Consumes an iterator, creating two collections from it.

fn partition_in_place<'a, T, P>(self, predicate: P) -> usize

where T: 'a, Self: Sized + DoubleEndedIterator<Item = &'a mut T>, P: FnMut(&T) -> bool,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_partition_in_place)

Reorders the elements of this iterator in-place according to the given predicate, such that all those that return true precede all those that return false. Returns the number of true elements found.

fn is_partitioned<P>(self, predicate: P) -> bool

where Self: Sized, P: FnMut(Self::Item) -> bool,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_is_partitioned)

Checks if the elements of this iterator are partitioned according to the given predicate, such that all those that return true precede all those that return false.

fn try_fold<B, F, R>(&mut self, init: B, f: F) -> R

where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(B, Self::Item) -> R, R: Try<Output = B>,

An iterator method that applies a function as long as it returns successfully, producing a single, final value.

fn try_for_each<F, R>(&mut self, f: F) -> R

where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> R, R: Try<Output = ()>,

An iterator method that applies a fallible function to each item in the iterator, stopping at the first error and returning that error.

fn fold<B, F>(self, init: B, f: F) -> B

where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(B, Self::Item) -> B,

Folds every element into an accumulator by applying an operation, returning the final result.

fn reduce<F>(self, f: F) -> Option<Self::Item>

where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Item, Self::Item) -> Self::Item,

Reduces the elements to a single one, by repeatedly applying a reducing operation.

fn try_reduce<R>( &mut self, f: impl FnMut(Self::Item, Self::Item) -> R, ) -> <<R as Try>::Residual as Residual<Option<<R as Try>::Output>>>::TryType

where Self: Sized, R: Try<Output = Self::Item>, <R as Try>::Residual: Residual<Option<Self::Item>>,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iterator_try_reduce)

Reduces the elements to a single one by repeatedly applying a reducing operation. If the closure returns a failure, the failure is propagated back to the caller immediately.

fn all<F>(&mut self, f: F) -> bool

where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> bool,

Tests if every element of the iterator matches a predicate.

fn any<F>(&mut self, f: F) -> bool

where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> bool,

Tests if any element of the iterator matches a predicate.

fn find<P>(&mut self, predicate: P) -> Option<Self::Item>

where Self: Sized, P: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool,

Searches for an element of an iterator that satisfies a predicate.

fn find_map<B, F>(&mut self, f: F) -> Option<B>

where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> Option<B>,

Applies function to the elements of iterator and returns the first non-none result.

fn try_find<R>( &mut self, f: impl FnMut(&Self::Item) -> R, ) -> <<R as Try>::Residual as Residual<Option<Self::Item>>>::TryType

where Self: Sized, R: Try<Output = bool>, <R as Try>::Residual: Residual<Option<Self::Item>>,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (try_find)

Applies function to the elements of iterator and returns the first true result or the first error.

fn position<P>(&mut self, predicate: P) -> Option<usize>

where Self: Sized, P: FnMut(Self::Item) -> bool,

Searches for an element in an iterator, returning its index.

fn rposition<P>(&mut self, predicate: P) -> Option<usize>

where P: FnMut(Self::Item) -> bool, Self: Sized + ExactSizeIterator + DoubleEndedIterator,

Searches for an element in an iterator from the right, returning its index.

fn max(self) -> Option<Self::Item>

where Self: Sized, Self::Item: Ord,

Returns the maximum element of an iterator.

fn min(self) -> Option<Self::Item>

where Self: Sized, Self::Item: Ord,

Returns the minimum element of an iterator.

fn max_by_key<B, F>(self, f: F) -> Option<Self::Item>

where B: Ord, Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> B,

Returns the element that gives the maximum value from the specified function.

fn max_by<F>(self, compare: F) -> Option<Self::Item>

where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&Self::Item, &Self::Item) -> Ordering,

Returns the element that gives the maximum value with respect to the specified comparison function.

fn min_by_key<B, F>(self, f: F) -> Option<Self::Item>

where B: Ord, Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> B,

Returns the element that gives the minimum value from the specified function.

fn min_by<F>(self, compare: F) -> Option<Self::Item>

where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&Self::Item, &Self::Item) -> Ordering,

Returns the element that gives the minimum value with respect to the specified comparison function.

fn rev(self) -> Rev<Self>

where Self: Sized + DoubleEndedIterator,

Reverses an iterator’s direction.

fn unzip<A, B, FromA, FromB>(self) -> (FromA, FromB)

where FromA: Default + Extend<A>, FromB: Default + Extend<B>, Self: Sized + Iterator<Item = (A, B)>,

Converts an iterator of pairs into a pair of containers.

fn copied<'a, T>(self) -> Copied<Self>

where T: 'a + Copy, Self: Sized + Iterator<Item = &'a T>,

Creates an iterator which copies all of its elements.

fn cloned<'a, T>(self) -> Cloned<Self>

where T: 'a + Clone, Self: Sized + Iterator<Item = &'a T>,

Creates an iterator which clones all of its elements.

fn cycle(self) -> Cycle<Self>

where Self: Sized + Clone,

Repeats an iterator endlessly.

fn array_chunks<const N: usize>(self) -> ArrayChunks<Self, N>

where Self: Sized,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_array_chunks)

Returns an iterator over N elements of the iterator at a time.

fn sum<S>(self) -> S

where Self: Sized, S: Sum<Self::Item>,

Sums the elements of an iterator.

fn product<P>(self) -> P

where Self: Sized, P: Product<Self::Item>,

Iterates over the entire iterator, multiplying all the elements

fn cmp<I>(self, other: I) -> Ordering

where I: IntoIterator<Item = Self::Item>, Self::Item: Ord, Self: Sized,

Lexicographically compares the elements of this Iterator with those of another.

fn cmp_by<I, F>(self, other: I, cmp: F) -> Ordering

where Self: Sized, I: IntoIterator, F: FnMut(Self::Item, <I as IntoIterator>::Item) -> Ordering,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_order_by)

Lexicographically compares the elements of this Iterator with those of another with respect to the specified comparison function.

fn partial_cmp<I>(self, other: I) -> Option<Ordering>

where I: IntoIterator, Self::Item: PartialOrd<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, Self: Sized,

Lexicographically compares the PartialOrd elements of this Iterator with those of another. The comparison works like short-circuit evaluation, returning a result without comparing the remaining elements. As soon as an order can be determined, the evaluation stops and a result is returned.

fn partial_cmp_by<I, F>(self, other: I, partial_cmp: F) -> Option<Ordering>

where Self: Sized, I: IntoIterator, F: FnMut(Self::Item, <I as IntoIterator>::Item) -> Option<Ordering>,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_order_by)

Lexicographically compares the elements of this Iterator with those of another with respect to the specified comparison function.

fn eq<I>(self, other: I) -> bool

where I: IntoIterator, Self::Item: PartialEq<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, Self: Sized,

Determines if the elements of this Iterator are equal to those of another.

fn eq_by<I, F>(self, other: I, eq: F) -> bool

where Self: Sized, I: IntoIterator, F: FnMut(Self::Item, <I as IntoIterator>::Item) -> bool,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_order_by)

Determines if the elements of this Iterator are equal to those of another with respect to the specified equality function.

fn ne<I>(self, other: I) -> bool

where I: IntoIterator, Self::Item: PartialEq<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, Self: Sized,

Determines if the elements of this Iterator are not equal to those of another.

fn lt<I>(self, other: I) -> bool

where I: IntoIterator, Self::Item: PartialOrd<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, Self: Sized,

Determines if the elements of this Iterator are lexicographically less than those of another.

fn le<I>(self, other: I) -> bool

where I: IntoIterator, Self::Item: PartialOrd<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, Self: Sized,

Determines if the elements of this Iterator are lexicographically less or equal to those of another.

fn gt<I>(self, other: I) -> bool

where I: IntoIterator, Self::Item: PartialOrd<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, Self: Sized,

Determines if the elements of this Iterator are lexicographically greater than those of another.

fn ge<I>(self, other: I) -> bool

where I: IntoIterator, Self::Item: PartialOrd<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, Self: Sized,

Determines if the elements of this Iterator are lexicographically greater than or equal to those of another.

fn is_sorted(self) -> bool

where Self: Sized, Self::Item: PartialOrd,

Checks if the elements of this iterator are sorted.

fn is_sorted_by<F>(self, compare: F) -> bool

where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&Self::Item, &Self::Item) -> bool,

Checks if the elements of this iterator are sorted using the given comparator function.

fn is_sorted_by_key<F, K>(self, f: F) -> bool

where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> K, K: PartialOrd,

Checks if the elements of this iterator are sorted using the given key extraction function.

impl<'a, T> Ord for Box<'a, T>

where T: Ord + ?Sized,

fn cmp(&self, other: &Box<'a, T>) -> Ordering

This method returns an Ordering between self and other.

fn max(self, other: Self) -> Self

where Self: Sized,

Compares and returns the maximum of two values.

fn min(self, other: Self) -> Self

where Self: Sized,

Compares and returns the minimum of two values.

fn clamp(self, min: Self, max: Self) -> Self

where Self: Sized,

Restrict a value to a certain interval.

impl<'a, 'b, T> PartialEq<Box<'b, T>> for Box<'a, T>

where T: PartialEq + ?Sized,

fn eq(&self, other: &Box<'b, T>) -> bool

Tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.

fn ne(&self, other: &Box<'b, T>) -> bool

Tests for !=. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.

impl<'a, 'b, T> PartialOrd<Box<'b, T>> for Box<'a, T>

where T: PartialOrd + ?Sized,

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Box<'b, T>) -> Option<Ordering>

This method returns an ordering between self and other values if one exists.

fn lt(&self, other: &Box<'b, T>) -> bool

Tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

fn le(&self, other: &Box<'b, T>) -> bool

Tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

fn ge(&self, other: &Box<'b, T>) -> bool

Tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

fn gt(&self, other: &Box<'b, T>) -> bool

Tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

impl<'a, T> Pointer for Box<'a, T>

where T: ?Sized,

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl<'a, T> Serialize for Box<'a, T>

where T: Serialize,

fn serialize<S>( &self, serializer: S, ) -> Result<<S as Serializer>::Ok, <S as Serializer>::Error>

where S: Serializer,

Serialize this value into the given Serde serializer.

impl<'a, T, const N: usize> TryFrom<Box<'a, [T]>> for Box<'a, [T; N]>

This impl replaces unsize coercion.

type Error = Box<'a, [T]>

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.

fn try_from(slice: Box<'a, [T]>) -> Result<Box<'a, [T; N]>, Box<'a, [T]>>

Performs the conversion.

impl<'a, T> Eq for Box<'a, T>

where T: Eq + ?Sized,

impl<'a, I> FusedIterator for Box<'a, I>

where I: FusedIterator + ?Sized,

impl<'a, T> Unpin for Box<'a, T>

where T: ?Sized,